Liquidation, or winding up, refers to a business whose assets are converted to money.
The conversion may be coerced by a legal process to pay off the debt of the business, or to satisfy any other business obligation that the business has not voluntarily satisfied.
The conversion may also be a voluntary action carried out by the business owners.
There are two forms of liquidation:
- compulsory (or Court ordered winding-up)
- voluntary (creditors or members winding-up).
The purpose of a liquidation is to realise the assets of the company in order that the creditors of the company can be paid off.
Although the initial principle of liquidation was that the creditors would be paid off pari passu, there are now a number of classes:
- debenture or fixed charge holders,
- preferential creditors,
- floating charge holders,
- unsecured creditors.
Informally, liquidation may be use to refer to any rapid conversion of an asset into cash.
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